Mnemonics

Surgery Mnemonics

Sarcomas in which Lymphatic Metastasis is seen -
can be remembered by the mnemonic RACE For MS

R: Rhabdomyosarcoma
A: Angiosarcoma
C: Clear cell sarcoma
E: Epithelial cell sarcoma

For: Fibrosarcoma

M: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
S: Synovial cell sarcoma

The association of BRCA-1 Gene (Breast Cancer Gene) with other malignancies can be remembered by the mnemonic - OCP

O = Ovarian cancer
C = Colo-rectal cancer
P = Prostate cancer 

Note: OCP -> Oral Contraceptive Pills

The Okuda Staging System for Hepatocellular carcinoma can be remembered by the mnemonic - BATS or STAB

B = Bilirubin (Serum Total Bilirubin)
[if < dl =" 0"> 3 mg/dl = 1 pts]
A = Ascites
[if absent = 0 pts, if present = 1 pts]
T = Tumor Size
[if <> 50% = 1 pts]
S = Serum Albumin
[if > 3 mg/dl = 0 pts, if < 3 mg/dl = 1 pts]

Total Score = Add the points
Stage - Pts
Stage 1 = 0 pts
Stage 2 = 1 or 2 pts
Stage 3 = 3 or 4 pts

Gall Bladder Diseases

Gall Bladder Diseases include -

- Congenital Anomalies
- Traumatic (Perforation)
- Inflammatory / Infective
- Cholecystitis ( Acute / Chronic, Calculous / Acalculous)
- Typhoid Gall Bladder
- Neoplastic
- Benign (Cholecystoses, GB Polyps)
- Malignant (Gall Bladder Cancer)

Plain X - Ray Abdomen in Gall Bladder Diseases

An easy was to remember findings is -
1. Gas
2. Opacity
3. Gas in Opacity

1. Gas -
- Outside Gall Bladder (Perforation of Gall Bladder)
- In Wall of Gall Bladder (Emphysematous Cholecystitis)
- Within Gallbladder lumen (also Known as Pneumobilia)
(seen in Cholecystenteric fistula, Post ERCP)

2. Opacity -
- Outside Gall Bladder (Gallstone ileus)
- In Wall of Gall bladder (Calcified Gallbladder)
- In lumen (Limey bile, Gall Stones, Calcification in Tumor)

3. Gas in Opacity - Mercedez Benz Sign / Seagull's Sign

4 A's of Gastric Cancer
4 A's of Gastric Cancer -
1. Anorexia
2. Anaemia
3. Asthesia
4. Blood Group A

Clinical Features of Gastric Cancer
The presentations of Gastric Cancer be remembered by the mnemonic -
LIONS
or
Silent LOIN
or
Silent LION

L = Lump
I = Insidious onset features
O = Obstructive features
N = New onset dyspepsia
S = Silent presentation (with no complaints but features of metastatic disease such as left supraclavicular lymph node) 

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Clinical Triad of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
can be remembered by the mnemonic PIG
P = Peptic Ulcer Disease
I = Islet cell tumor of non-beta cells
G = Gastric acid Hypersection

Types of Imperforate Anus
Imperforate Anus, depending upon the LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL, is classified into Low-Type & High-Type.

A. Low-Type - LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL is Below Pelvic Floor

B. High-Type Imperforate Anus - LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL is Above Pelvic Floor

Low-Type Imperforate Anus - has following subtypes that can be remembered by the mnemonicCMEs.
[Note: CME usually stands for Continued Medical Education]
C = Covered Anus
M = Membranous Stenosis
E = Ectopic Anus
S = Stenosed Anus

High-Type Imperforate Anus - has following subtypes that can be remembered by the mnemonicCAR.
C = Cloaca
A = Anorectal Agenesis
R = Rectal Atresia

Types of Mesenteric Cysts
The different types of Mesenteric Cyst can be remembered by the mnemonic - CUTE

C = Chylolymphatic cyst (Commonest)
U = Urogenital remnant cyst
T = Teratomatous / Dermoid cyst
E = Enterogenous Cyst

Causes of Lymphoedema
Causes of lymphoedema: Can be remembered by the common scheme CTIN

1. C = Congenital
a. Aplasia or hypoplasia of lymphatics
b. dysmotility of lymphatics with or without valvular insufficiency

2. T = Traumatic
a. Surgical Trauma (Excision of lymph nodes)
b. Radiological Trauma (Radiotherapy to lymph nodes)
c. Other Trauma (e.g. degloving injuries)

3. I = Infective
a. Parasitic (Filarasis)
b. Fungal (Tinea pedis)

4. I = Inflammatory
a. Superficial thrombophlebitis
b. Deep venous thrombosis

5. N = Neoplastic
a. Primary lymphatic malignancy
b. Metastatic infiltration of lymph nodes

Miscellaneous causes - Exposure to forgein bodies (Silica Particles)

Indications for Liver Transplantation
Indications for liver transplanations can be remembered by the mnemonic - CAMP

C = Chronic Cirrhosis
A = Acute fulminant liver failure
M = Metabolic liver disease
P = Primary hepatic malignancy

Mnemonics

Quotations

Quotations

• Everything is ok in the end, if not ok,then its not yet the end.
• Wasted time is never wasted if you enjoyed what you were doing.
• Never argue with an idiot. They will drag you down to their level, then beat you with their experience.
• You can't please everyone, so you've got to please yourself.
• Walk Walk Until You Can't Walk Anymore and Then... Start Walking Again.
• Try, try don't cry.
• Dont tell god how big your problems are....tell your problems how big ur god is......!
• Keep ur dreams high enough 2 inspire u and low enough 2 encourage u.....
• Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl.
• Creativity is allowing oneself to make mistakes. Art is knowing which ones to keep.
• The difference between sex and death is that with death you can do it alone and no one is going to make fun of you.
• The good people sleep much better at night than the bad people. Of course, the bad people enjoy the waking hours much more.
• We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.
• Motivation will almost always beat mere talent.
• If you cannot work hard, work Smart.
• To dream big first you must sleep.
• Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great.
• Arguing with an idiot is like wrestling with the pig, you both get dirty, but he enjoys it more.
• If the grass is greener on the other side of the fence, move the fence over a bit.
• What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.
• Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative.
• A diplomat is a man who always remembers a woman's birthday but never remembers her age.
• To reach for the Moon aim for the Stars.
• Nobody is perfect and I am nobody.
• Inside every older person is a younger person - wondering what the hell happened.
• Do important jobs now before they become urgent.
• Life is like a bicycle, you keep moving or you fall down.
• Life is like a sewer... what you get out of it depends on what you put into it.
• Life is an art of drawing without an eraser.
• No situation is so bad that losing your temper won't make it worse.
• Perhaps imagination is just intelligence having fun.
• Be who you are, and say what you feel because those who matter don't mind, and those who mind don't matter.

Attempting the Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) in Entrance Exam

Like it or not, Multiple Choice Tests formats are now being universally adapted for testing Student IQ and knowledge in a particular subject. Students fear multiple Choice exams as some find it confusing and tricky. Some feel that the questions are deliberately phrased that the student chooses the incorrect answer. Well, these are wrong notions. While attempting the MCQ's, we need to relax and attempt the Test without getting jittery. Here are a few tips that may be of help while attempting the Multiple Choice Entrance Exams. 1. Read the questions carefully. 2. Always try to guess what the answer is BEFORE you look at the choices. 3. If you are unsure about an answer, eliminate what it CAN'T be. Try to remember if any of the answers left are related to that subject. Do you remember seeing that word in the chapter? If you have never heard of a choice it is probably a distracter. If you can not recognize a choice then it is probably NOT the answer. 4. After eliminating all other choices, lake a logical guess. At least you have narrowed down the odds of getting the answer correct. Remember, the first guess is usually more reliable unless you obtain a major revelation along the way. 5. If after a few seconds you are still perplexed, mark the question so you can find it easier later and go on with the test. Sometimes the answer you're looking for is given in a diferent problem. Go back to that question later. 6. NEVER leave a multiple choice question blank. You have a 20-25% chance of getting it right by guessing. ALL-OF-THE-ABOVE QUESTIONS: If 2 or more of the answers are correct, then the all-of-the-above uption is the correct answer, EVEN IF you are unsure of the third option. LOOK-ALIKE OPTIONS: Sometimes there are 2 options that are alike except for une word. Such a pair indicates that the question is fucused there. USUALLY, not always, you can assume the answer is one of that pair.

Let's solve these mcq

hello guys again i am posing some very important mcq from different subjects.just try them don't forget to post a comment

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  • The true statement about hyperparathyroidism is? 
    A) Hypertension is common 
    B) Osteitis fibrosa may occur 
    C) Polyuria and polydipsia are seen 
    D) All
    
    Ans: D) All
     

  • All of the following are seen in CONN’s syndrome, except? 
    A) Hypertension 
    B) Increased Sodium 
    C) Increased Renin activity 
    D) Decreased Potassium
    
    Ans: C) Increased Renin activity  
      Antigenic variations are of epidemiological significance in ? 
    A) Leptospirosis 
    B) Influenza 
    C) S. typhi 
    D) All
    
    Ans: B) Influenza
     

  • Which of the following posses RNA dependent DNA polymerase? 
    A) Papillomavirus 
    B) Polyoma virus 
    C) Retrovirus 
    D) Reovirus 
    
    Ans: C) Retrovirus  
     

  Spores are located terminally in which of the following? 
  A) Bacillus anthracis
  B) Clostridium perfringens 
  C) Clostridium tetani 
  D) Bacteroides
  
  Ans: C) Clostridium tetani 
   

  Which of the following is the correct statement about Pasteurization of milk? 
  A) 66 Degree C for 15 min 
  B) 66 Degree C for 30 min 
  C) 72 Degree C for 10 min 
  D) 125 Degree C for 15 sec 
  
  Ans: B) 66 Degree C for 30 min 
   

  • The type of pelvis in which the transverse diameter is more than the antero-posterior diameter is? 
    A) gynaecoid 
    B) anthropoid 
    C) android 
    D) platypelloid 
    
    Ans: D) platypelloid
     

  Commonest site of implantation of tubal pregnancy is? 
  A) ampulla 
  B) isthmus 
  C) influndibulum 
  D) interstitial part
  
  Ans: A) Ampulla
   

  Commmonest cause of death in carcinoma of cervix is ? 
  A) metastasis 
  B) operation 
  C) radiotherapy side effects 
  D) renal failure
  
  Ans: D) renal failure

  
   

  • Duga’s test is used in diagnosis of ? 
    A) Anterior dislocation of hip 
    B) Posterior dislocation of hip 
    C) Anterior dislocation of shoulder 
    D) Posterior dislocation of shoulder
    
    Ans: C) Anterior dislocation of shoulder 
     

  • The reflex that never reappears is? 
    A) Grasp reflex 
    B) Glabellar tap reflex 
    C) Moro’s reflex 
    D) Snout reflex
    
    Ans: C) Moro’s reflex  
     

  commonest cause of congenital hypothyroidism is ? 
  A) iodine deficiency 
  B) thyroid dysgenesis 
  C) dyshormonogenesis 
  D) maternal drug intake
  
  Ans: D) thyroid dysgenesis
   

  The age at which a child shows the presence of social smile is? 
  A) 4 weeks 
  B) 6 weeks 
  C) 8 weeks 
  D) 12 weeks
  
  Ans: C) 8 weeks 

  • The characterstic diagnostic lesion seen in kidneys in a patient suffering from Diabetes mellitus is? 
    A) Papillary necrosis 
    B) Focal glomerulosclerosis 
    C) Diffuse glomerulosclerosis 
    D) Nodular glomerulosclerosis
    
    Ans: D) Nodular glomerulosclerosis
     

   All of the following statements are true regarding polyarteritis nodosa, except? 
  A) Hypertension may be present 
  B) Affects medium & small sized arteries 
  C) Characteristically invovles pulmonary arteries 
  D) Mononeuritis multiplex
  
  Ans: C) Characteristically invovles pulmonary arteries  
   

  All of the following drugs cause diffuse hepatocellular damage, except? 
  A) Methotrexate 
  B) Methyldopa 
  C) Tetracycline 
  D) Phenothiazines
  
  Ans: D) Phenothiazines
   

MCI SCR - few Guidelines - by An Experienced CampaignerMCI SCR - few Guidelines

MCI SCR - few Guidelines

- by An Experienced Campaigner

The strategy for MCI SCR Preparation involves three vital questions

1. What to do
2. How to do that
3. What NOT to do

 

Do you need to waste your time reading this article?

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle once said "It is easy to be wise AFTER the event". In other words,

Ä     Knowledge is knowing how to do

Ä     Experience is knowing how not to do

The percentage of people getting a seat in First attempt is very low 2 % but people getting in the Second attempt is more than 80 % (Community, Institute and In Service Quota excluded). This 2 % - 80 % is not only because one reads all the recommended books in one year. It is also because one learns the knack of the exam – the technique of what to do, how to do and what not to do after a year of attempting entrance exams!!

 

This following paragraphs are neither to teach you the basics of pharmacology or psychiatry nor are they to dwell with the nuances of Acid Base Balance of Indications of Jejunal Biopsy

This small article is intended to share with you the basics of attempting Objective Questions – something few of you may even know now but many of you will have to learn by yourselves if you attempt exams for one year. To put it in a nut shell you may gain one year in 15 minutes.

 

Do just three important things

The entire art of Preparation can be summed in three simple steps

1.     1^st - Set a target – Decide your course

The first and foremost thing

2.     2^nd - Reach it – Take the rank needed for it

This is the most important part

3.     3^rd - Go and Join the course!!!!

The easiest of all

You can again repeat these 3 steps any time for any exams

Ä     when you want to do super specialty

Ä     when you appear for service examinations

 

Decide your Goals!

Hope you know the adage “Well begun is half done”. This first step, when properly executed will make your job much easier. So you have to sit down and make a clear plan about the exam (or exams) you plan to take. . Before proceeding further on the Indian Exams, I would strongly advise you to choose between Indian and Foreign exams at the first step itself and PLAN FOR ANY ONE. If you chase a single rabbit, you can hope to catch it. But if you chase two rabbits at the same time, it is certain that you are going to miss both. So decide about this step in the early part itself. You can prepare for two or more Indian exams, and get ranks in both, but to prepare for Andhra PG and PLAB at the same time or to prepare for AIIMS and USMLE at the same time is disaster.

 

If you are of the idea that you will initially attempt AIIMS twice for one year, your State PG for one more year and later will try for PLAB when you don’t get a rank in these, you are in serious trouble. Clearing PLAB can get easier, but with each passing day, getting a good job in a decent hospital in UK is becoming a nightmare. If you are planning to “fly”, you have to start immediately and be the early “bird”. Remember, the early bird gets the best catch.

 

Know about your Exam and Set a Target

 All you need is the previous year’s prospectus and a chat with a college senior. When you have found answers to the above questions, you can decide about the vital question “HOW MUCH do you need to SCORE ?”

 

You now have an idea of how much you have to score. Now we move to the next part “How to reach it”

 

Reaching your Target

Have a look at the following proverbs

Ä     "What is worth doing at all is worth doing well"

Ä     "Fortune favours the brave"

Ä     "Make hay when the sun shines"

Ä     "Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today"

 

Having already set the target, it you now your turn to reach there. There are a lot of factors which decide your micro plan for cracking the exam, but the most important factor is time. Your plan will depend on How Much time you have when you start

Ä     1 year - Ideal – You are an opening batsman and you have lots of time

Ä     9 months - You can read slowly, but be extra cautious and don’t waste time

Ä     6 months - You have to go for a slog over attack

Ä     3 months – You have to forget cinema, cricket, TV Serials

Ä     1 month - the bare minimum time you need for revision

Ä     <>

But remember that this is not a qualifying exam (where a mere pass is enough) but a competitive exam (where every mark counts) and if you are cricket lover, remember that You are batting second and “CHASING” your target. Also remember that after you have decided about the course of your choice (“Set” your target), It should not be “downregulated” For example, your original plan was joining MD (Paed) at ICH. Afterwards you think that MD (Paed) else where is enough. When you later become satisfied with DCH, I am afraid that you will land up in the Waiting list. But you are free and welcome to “upregulate” the target. When you aim for the stars, you will at least land in the moon. Before going into the details of the book you need to study, let us discuss few common questions

 

Should I practice with MCQs - YES

There are a few important points regarding preparation with MCQs.

DO

Take any MCQ book & Take a note book. Note the starting time in the note and then Work MCQs one by one without looking into the answers. After you have finished (at least 50) note the time. Correct your responses only with the Standard Text Book and never with the answers given in MCQ books.Write all the points in which you have gone wrong and the relevant points in the same note below or in the opposite side of the note (You have to refer these points again during your last week revision). Use the same note book for all your MCQs. Try to finish it in time

DON’T

Ä     Never attempt MCQs before reading the subject at least once

o       It is not needed that you have to read the biggest book from cover to cover, but you should have read the subject at least once – any book, even SARP or Refresher Series would do

Ä     Never Write the points in bits of paper while solving the MCQs. Use a note book.

Ä     Never mark the answers in the MCQ book itself. Write it in a separate note after looking the answer AND RELEVANT POINTS in Standard Text Books 

Ä     Never look into the answers given in the MCQ book

o       Usually questions are not repeated – you will know only that question and answer if you look into the answer

o       Same questions are not usually asked - Only relevant questions are asked

o       This is a practical and MOST important point – You may have been misguided in this aspect by many.

o       There is a chance of Printing errors when the book gives only the answer. Beware – Every question counts in an competitive exam and you may loose your seat by learning a wrong answer

 

I learned with "notes" during my undergraduate days. What to do now? YOUR CHOICE

You can still read your notes – if you had once taken notes regularly and neatly. But you can yourself decide – Work out MCQs and if you are able to score more than 80 % with notes – you can continue with your good old notes.

 

Group Study? YOUR CHOICE

Ä     If you had earlier studied in groups during your undergraduate days – follow it.

Ä     If you had studied alone during your undergraduate days – follow it

Ä     If you used to read in Library during your undergraduate days – follow it

Ä     If you used to read in your room during your undergraduate days – follow it

Ä     If you used to read watching TV during your undergraduate days – follow it

 

Group Discussion? - YES

Ä     A discussion of 2 hours a day will be enough initially. ( When you allot more than 2 hours the discussion will drift to extra curricular topics)

Ä     In the last month, you can discuss upto 3 to 4 hours a day

Ä     Choose a subject and then a topic and one person discuss it each day

Ä     If the same group also works out MCQs, don’t do both in the same time

Ä     First Discuss and then go to MCQs

 

Should I go to Cities and study in University Library? - No Need

Assumed Advantages by Reading in Cities

Ä     Some people talk of a "trend" – There is nothing like that.

Ä     In today’s era of Communication, there is no advantage in city life. All the notifications, current trends can be had from the internet.

Ä     I Personally feel that this present trend is the same one which was 7 to 8 years ago for Entrance Exams after XII Standard – you will get medical and engineering seat only if you study in Cities – Now we know for sure that, that idea was absurd

Disadvantages in Cities

Ä     Lodging – minimum Rs 500 per month

Ä     Food – minimum Rs 1300 per month

Ä     Other expenses – Rs 400 per month

Ä     Water – Hope you are aware of the Water Scarcity in Cities.

Ä     Travel & Phoning home – Even if you visit your home once a month – Rs 1000

Ä     Totally you spend Rs 3000 per month ie Nearly 40,000 per year for no obvious benefit

Ä     Note - Petrol Charges not included

 

Coaching Programs - YES

Ä     There are a lot of coaching programs and you can enroll in any one of them. And after a long toil at this circuit what I could conclude was that as far as the papers ( ie notes / study materials/question papers / high yield points etc ) are concerned, in majority of cases, it is almost the same as SARP/ PARAS / Bhatia/ Salgunan / PG Plus/ Dharmendra Sharma Crash Course/ Mudit Khanna / Tapas-Arun Yadav/ Various Pretests etc

Ä     The notes of the coaching program and the MCQ books are nearly equa but when you attend the "CLASSROOM" COACHING, it will be beneficial. In fact the only thing that seems as an advantage is the classroom coaching.

Ä     So if you want any advantage, please don't look at the previous years "papers" - notes/test explanations - you are going to get those details from the books you normally refer.

Ä     It is the class room coaching / lectures that you are spending your/your parents' hard earned Rs 20000 or 30000 in any coaching class

Ä     So if you are joining make sure that you will be attending all the classes or you can very well read with the standard books.

Ä     In South India, Kottayam is a good choice

 

What? How? What not to do Pre, Per and Post Exam

Ä     Pre Exam – (Before the day of exam)

o       Before 1 month

o       During the last month

o       During the last week

o       During the last day

Ä     Per Exam – (On the Exam day)

o       Before you enter the hall

o       In the hall

Ä     Post Exam – (After the Exam day)

As you go through the following paragraph, you may come across certain facts which are Extra Academic and may appear insignificant or "childish" to you and you may like to skip those. I feel that advices regarding the MCQs are available freely every where and it is these "small things" that are taken for granted. Nevertheless, they are important and they are given here because I know at least one person who suffered because he/she didn’t do one of those "trivial" things.

 

What? How? What not to do 1 month before the exam

Ä     Plan your time

Ä     Read Daily. But if you are working and have a tight routine You can read more one day and less another day, but don’t skip a day

Ä     Divide your time available for that day into 3 parts

o       Read the Text books first

o       Then read the notes

o       And work out MCQs

Ä     These three are to be done daily and it is better if different subjects are done for each

Ä     What not to be done : Don’t allow a day to pass without reading at least one hour

 

Planning your time

Ä     Keep the last 1 month for revision

Ä     And you should spend a Minimum 20 hours a week, and If you can spend more than that it is well and good

Ä     Calculate how much time in hours you now have at your disposal. You will be surprised to see that you have lots and lots of time, but when you start to allot it to your subjects that is not enough!!

 

What? How? What not to do during the last month before the exam

Ä     If the exam centre is a different place, BOOK Your Tickets for your travel. Remember that you are not the only person appearing for this exam

Ä     Start Revision

o       Pharmac and Biochem should be revised 2 times and it is better if you start them first

o       And topics like Embryology and Nerve Supply in Anatomy, Enzymes and Metabolism in Biochem, General Pharmacology, Culture Media in Micro, Growth and Development in Paediatrics, Fetal Skull and Diameters of Pelvis in OG, Values in SPM are to be studied again and again

o       The list given is just to give you an idea about is not exhaustive. In short the topics that "you" easily forget are to be read more than once in the last month

Ä     What not to be done : Don’t Read any new topics

Ä     And I think that you are not a kid for us to advice you to Skip 3Cs Cricket, Cinema and Celebrations during this last month

 

What? How? What not to do during the last week before the exam

Extra Academic

Ä     Decide where you are going to stay. Get those facts right now before one week.

Ä     Check whether you have got your hall ticket. If not communicate to the concerned authorities. Read the details given in the hall ticket and the prospectus ONCE AGAIN.

Ä     Does the exam need Pen or Pencil. Get 2 (or 3) pens ready. If the exam needs pencil, get 2 pencils, an eraser (which does not leave mark on the paper – check it now – not on the answer sheet) and a sharpener.

Ä     Pack these and the hall ticket and anything you may need and (if you have a special dress for exams, as most people have - pack that too) now itself. Keep your journey (to and fro) ticket along with these.

Ä     To search for all these just 1 hour before the start of the journey is not going to do your confidence any good. Don’t leave these vital things which (may appear insignificant now, but will occupy the whole of your mind , if not properly planned for and) may significantly affect your PERFORMANCE

Academic

Ä     Take an old question paper of the exam you are going to attend Lock yourself inside a room. Try to complete the paper in the prescribed time Correct the paper with the Standard Text book and not with the key given in the MCQ book itself. Now concentrate on your MISTAKES. They are more important at this stage. You will now know your "Achilles heel". Don’t repeat it in the exam.
Don’t care about the answers you got right. You will get it right again in your exam !!

Ä     What not to be done : Don’t waste your time to topics like “the question will be tough”,  “the question will be easy!, “the question is out !!”,  “he/she is not here - gone to get the question paper!!!”  

Ä     Listen to only Academic discussions…… If you are preparing with a group, it is better to get away from the group and become "solitary" in the final week. It may sound odd, but this is a practical problem and I have seen most aspirants getting depressed after hearing such kinds of news.

 

What ?, How ?, What not to do during the last day Before the exam

Take rest !! If you have traveled a long distance, try and get a good sleep. Revise those facts which you find hard to remember , especially the numeric values, investigations, syndromes, etc. Go to bed early

What not to be done : Don’t try to read more points by forgoing your sleep on this particular day In addition to you recent memory (which you will by reading the whole night) for a good performance you need certain other skills like remote memory, analytical skills, speed, decision making the next say. And to get all these at the zenith is to have a good sleep.

 

What ?, How ?, What not to do Before you enter the exam hall

Get to the exam centre early at least 1 ½ hours before the start of the exam.Check that your number is displayed in the notice board. Some times 2 schools / colleges with identical names (or a main school and the branch) will be centers and the Auto Rickshaw will take you to the other center - for example, Kendriya Vidyalaya or SBOA - I was once forced to see many a SBOA School in Chennai just before the start of the exam at the eleventh hour. Get out of the campus and wait outside. Check your purses/wallets and make sure that there are no bits of papers (which you might have kept long time back) inside that might create problems with a checking squad

What not to be done : Avoid reading at this time (Easier said than done). Don’t discuss any question. When some one asks you a question and if you can’t answer you may be depressed

 

What ?, How ?, What not to do Inside the exam hall

First Write your register number looking at it from the Hall ticket (and not from your memory - however good your memory is) and then shade accordingly

Then shade the Question Paper Code, if any. If there any other paper work do it. Read the instructions in the question paper / answer paper. What not to be done : Don’t leave the important details like register number question paper code blank and start with the questions right away. You may commit a mistake (which may be fatal) when you shade these things later "in a hurry".

Mark the answers in the Q.Paper as you read the questions. When you have completed a batch of 25 (or 50) quesitons transform the answers to the answer sheet

What not to be done : Don’t try to read the entire question paper once again and then mark the answers

 

What ?, How ?, What not to do Inside the exam hall for Clinical Questions

Read the question once clearly, without skipping any thing and then mark by the side the factors like age, sex, complaints, Symptoms – duration, Signs and Investigation and follow the SAME Approach you did in your Final Year Exams. In 90 % of the cases, you will arrive at an answer. But the conditions are an endless list and definitely will not be limited to Mitral Stenosis, Hemipleiga, VSD, Prolapse, CTEV, Ca Stomach, Anaemia Complicating Pregnancy !!! If you have followed the same procedure while preparation, you will find this method easy Any one with another method please informnellaimedicos@gmail.com

What not to be done : Don’t skip any part of the question by reading fast.

 

What ?, How ?, What not to do Inside the exam hall for Statistics Questions(PSM)

Write the details on the rough sheet and work systematically. If you know an alternate way of working that particular problem try that also and check whether the solutions tally. Any one with another method please informnellaimedicos@gmail.com

What not to be done : Don’t do mental calculations or try from you memory.

 

What ?, How ?, What not to do during the after the exam

Relax ! Try to recollect the questions. It is better if you do it as a group. Contibute the questions to any internet discussion group or mail tonellaimedicos@gmail.com

Work out the answers. Try to find out how much you might score. Wait for the result !!!

What not to be done : Don’t try argue over few questions that might be ambiguous 

 

To Conclude

The lines you have read so far are not for advising you

They are to point out to you some facts

It is your life, your career and so it is your decision !!!

Mail in your comments to nellaimedicos@gmail.com

This "notes" were first prepared for Tamil Nadu Students. Nevertheless, there are lot of points that may be of benefit to all PG Aspirants. So you are requested to change certain minor details especially those regarding the text books to suit you if you find the list given not to your choice. And if you can read between the words and find out what I am trying to convey, you can be successful in any PG Medical Entrance Exam. Wishing you ALL THE BEST for YOUR PREPARATION…!!!

Some MCQ's with explanations

A 45-year-old farmer has itchy erythematous papular lesions on face, neck, ‘V’ area of chest, dorsum of hands and forearms for 3 years. The lesions are more severe in summers and improve by 75% in winters. The most appropriate test to diagnose the condition would be:

1. Skin biopsy

2. Estimation of IgE levels in blood

3. Patch test

4. Intradermal prick test

Answer

3. Patch test

Reference

Rook Textbook of Dermatology Chapter 20

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Discussion

In phytodermatitis, the pattern of dermatitis varies depending on the source. Typically, it involves the hands, forearms, face and genitals. Often it is acute and vesicular. Involvement of the eyelids is common. Sometimes, the hands only are involved, with fissuring and hyperkeratosis of the fingertips and subungual hyperkeratosis (as with tulip bulbs, garlic, etc.). At other times the dermatitis may be of a volatile pattern and may present as a light-aggravated or 'exposed site' dermatitis (as with Compositae dermatitis). The principal types of phytodermatitis are:

1. irritant contact phytodermatitis-both chemical and physical
2. allergic contact phytodermatitis-both immediate and delayed;
3. phytophototoxic dermatitis;
4. pseudophytophotodermatitis, for example Ranunculaceae;
5. allergic contact phytodermatitis with secondary photo-sensitivity, for example Compositae, lichens, etc.

Explanation

The allergen may be localized anywhere in the plant, but usually the leaves are used for patch testing. Primin occurs in minute glandular hairs most closely set on the surface of small leaves A 1 cm piece of leaf can be used for patch testing, but false-negative reactions are common, and patch-test sensitization occurs in 0.8% of those tested. It is therefore preferable to test with a standardized extract of primin and Compositae.

Comments

Active sensitization is uncommon when such extracts are used. The risk of patch-test sensitization from plants other than Primula and poison ivy has not yet been systemically studied.

Tips

The condition is more common in men. Broad spectrum photoprotection and light avoidance are beneficial.

Barberio’s test is used to detect semen

074. Which of following tests is used to detect semen?

1. Phenolphthalein test

2. Reine’s test

3. Barberio’s test

4. Paraffin test

Answer

3. Barberio’s test

Reference

Parikh 6^th Edition Page 7.26

Apoorva Nandy 1^st Edition Page 128

Reddy 17^th Edition Page 328

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Discussion

The tests used for Chemical Examination of seminal fluid are

Ä Florence test : dark brown crystals due to the formation of chlorine periodide

Ä Barberio’s test (Barbario) : tests spermine in semen, with picric acid

Ä Acid Phosphatase test : Quantitative test

Ä Test for Creatine Phosphokinase : Levels of more than 400 units/ml

Ä Choline and Spermine Test

Ä Gel Electrophoresis test :

Ä LDM Isoenzyme Method

Ä Acid Phosphatase Isoenzyme Test

Ä Ammonium Molybdate Test (Phosphorus)

Ä Semen Specific Glycoprotein (P30 ) Test

Ä Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the SEMA® assay, for a seminal vesicle-specific antigen (SVSA)

Explanation

1. Phenolphthalein test (Kastle Meyer test), Benzedine test, Leucomalachite green test, Orthotolidine (Blue or green) test (Kohn and O’kelly test) and Luminal test are used to detec blood

2. Reine’s test ??? - Rinne's test compares the patients ability to hear a tone conducted via air and bone - the mastoid process.

3. Barberio’s test is to detect semen.

4. Paraffin test (also known as the dermal nitrate test) uses the reagent diphenylamine to detect gun powder

Comments

Basis of Berberio’s Test: Detection of Spermine

Procedure: A few drops of Berberio’s reagent when added to spermatic fluid produces crystals of sperm in picrate (needle shaped, rhombic & of yellow colour).

For various valid reasons, like non-specificity and lack of reproducibility, the florence and berberio’s tests have not been accepted universally.

Tips

Semen consist of the following

1. Spermatozoa (10%)

2. Seminal Plasma (90%)

3. Epithelial Cell (<>

Scab or Crust of abrasion appears brown Between 2-3 days

073. Scab or Crust of abrasion appears brown:

1. Between 12-24 hours

2. Between 2-3 days

3. Between 4-5 days

4. Between 5-7 days

Answer

2. Between 2-3 days

Reference

Parikh 6^th Edition Page 4.3

Apoorva Nandy 1^st Edition Page 213

Reddy 17^th Edition Page 138

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From abrasions, the time of assault can be roughly assessed

Ä When fresh, an abrasion is red with evidence of oozing of serum and a little blood. There is no scab

Ä By 8 to 24 hours, there is a reddish scab formation

Ä By 2^nd and 3^rd day, the scab is reddish brown

Ä By 4^th and 5^th Day, it is dark brown

Ä By 6^th Day, it is blackish and it starts falling off from the margins. Epithelium grows underneath the scab

Ä After 7 Days, Scab dries, shrinks and falls off.

Ä By A big scab may take a few more days to fall off

Explanation

Self Explanatory

Comments

Except Apoorva Nandy, the other books do not talk about the 4^th and 5^th Day evolution of scab

Tips

Difference between antemortem and post mortem abrasion

Trait	Antemortem abrasion	Post mortem abrasion
Site	Anywhere on the body	Usually over bony prominences
Colour	Bright reddish brown	Yellowish, translucent and parchment like
Exudation	More; scab slightly raised	Less; Scab often lies slightly below the level of the skin
Microscopic feature	Intravital reaction and congestion seen	No intravital reaction and no congestion

Medical qualifications awarded by institutions out side India and recognized by MCI are registered in

072. Medical qualifications awarded by institutions out side India and recognized by MCI are registered in:

1. First schedule of Indian Medical Council Act 1956

2. Second schedule of Indian Medical Council Act 1956

3. Part I of third schedule of Indian Medical Council Act 1956

4. Part II of third schedule of Indian Medical Council Act 1956

Answer

4. Part II of third schedule of Indian Medical Council Act 1956

Reference

Parikh 6^th Edition Page 1.24

Apoorva Nandy 1^st Edition Page 18

Reddy 17^th Edition Page 21

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Discussion

The Indian Medical Council maintains three schedules.

Ä The first schedule contains the list of different medical degrees offered by different Universities or Institutions inside India, which are recognized by the Council and Government of India

Ä The Second Schedule contains the list of medical degrees conferred outside India and are recognized by the Medical Council of India and Government of India

Ä The Third Schedule has two parts

o Part A of the third schedule contains the list of medical qualifications conferred by Indian Universities or Institutions but not yet included in the First Schedule.

o Part B of the third schedule includes the list of standard medical qualifications of foreign countries which are recognized when Indian citizens possess the qualifications

Explanation

Self Explanatory

Comments

If an Indian national obtains a foreign qualification which is not included in part II of THrid Schedule, he can apply to the Central government. The candidate is required to provide full information with regard to the course of study, syllabus, and duration of course etc. This is forwarded to IMC which has authority to enter into negotiations with any of the medical councils of the foreign countries and can recognize such foreign qualifications on reciprocal basis. The Central Government, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the part II of the Third Schedule so as to include such qualification there in

Tips

Dr.B.C.Roy was the first Indian to be the president of MCI in 1939. Hope you all know about B.C.Roy. His birthday July 1^st is being observed as Doctors Day

Spalding’s sign occurs after Death of foetus in uterus

071. Spalding’s sign occurs after:

1. Birth of live foetus

2. Death of foetus in uterus

3. Rigor mortis of infant

4. Cadaveric spasm

Answer

2. Death of foetus in uterus

Reference

Parikh 6^th Edition Page 2.36, 5.75

Apoorva Nandy 1^st Edition Page 422

Reddy 17^th Edition Page 341

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Discussion

In intrauterine maceration, the skull vault bones may partly overlap each other. This is called as Spalding’s sign and is also detectable by X Ray examination before the birth of the dead fetus

Explanation

Self Explanatory

Comments

Maceration is a process of aseptic autolysis of a fetus dead in utero. It occurs when the dead fetus remains in the utero for 3 to 4 days surrounded by liquor amnii but with exclusion of air. It does not occur if the dead fetus is born within 24 hours. It is characterized by softening and degeneration of tissues. The process is aseptic because the fetus being enclosed in the membranes is in a sterile condition.

Tips

Mummification results when death of a fetus occurs from deficient supply of blood or when liquor amnii is scanty and when no air has entered the uterus. In this condition the fetus is dried up and shriveled.

Finger Print Bureau was first established in Writer's Building at Calcutta in the year 1897

070. Finger Print Bureau was first established in:

1. England

2. China

3. India

4. Singapore

Answer

3. India

Reference

http://ncrb.nic.in/cfpb.htm

Parikh 6^th Edition Page 2.15

Apoorva Nandy 1^st Edition Page 92

Reddy 17^th Edition Page 67

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General Knowledge. A passing mention is given in textbooks. And this fact is NOT mentioned in Western Textbooks (please see below)

Discussion

The idea that fingerprints as a means of identification was first given by Sir Wiliam Herschelle, Distt. Magistrate of Hooghly District of Bengal province in 1858. Later Dr. Henry Faults gave the idea of tracing a criminal from the latent prints found at the scene of crime and came to the conclusion that no two fingerprints are alike. Based on the idea of Herschelle and Faults, Sir Francis Galton, the renowned English Scientist established scientifically the basic principles of uniqueness and permanency in fingerprints.

Explanation

It was then that Sir Edward Richard Henry, the IGP, Lower Bengal with the able assistance of two of his Indian officers viz. Khan Bahadur Azizul Haq and Rai Bahadur Hemchandra Bose developed a system of classification of fingerprints and thereby discarding the anthropometric system of identification. Thereafter the first ever Finger Print Bureau of the world was established at Writer's Building at Calcutta in the year 1897.

Comments

Key Dates in the History of Fingerprinting

Ä The distinctive nature of fingerprints has been known for centuries.

Ä The ancient Babylonians used fingerprint impressions to record business transactions and fingerprints were used on Chinese documents more than a thousand years ago. The scientific use of fingerprints to solve crime, however, started little more than a hundred years ago.

Ä 1858 Sir William Herschel, a British Administrator in Bengal, makes the first practical application of fingerprints for personal identification when he requires Indians to place their fingerprints as well as their signatures on contracts.

Ä 1880 Dr Henry Faulds, a doctor working in Tokyo, looks at the possibility of fingerprint science identifying criminals by the fingerprints left at the crime scene using printer's ink.

Ä 1892 Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Argentina, makes the first fingerprint identification from a crime scene, and opens the first fingerprint bureau in the world.

Ä 1892 English scientist Sir Francis Galton publishes an accurate and in-depth study of the fingerprint science, including an attempt at a system of fingerprint classification for large collections of fingerprints.

Ä 1897 Sir Edward Henry, Inspector General of Police in Bengal and later Commissioner of London's Metropolitan Police, with the assistance of two Bengali Police Officers, devises a simplified fingerprint classification system for police use and introduces it in India. The Henry system is the basis of most fingerprint systems in the English-speaking world.

Ä 1901 The Fingerprint Bureau is formed at New Scotland Yard.

Ä 1902 In Australia, Sam McCauley begins fingerprinting in NSW prisons and establishes a Fingerprint Bureau at Darlinghurst Gaol.

Ä 1903 NSW establishes the first State fingerprint bureau, followed by Victoria (1903), Queensland and South Australia (1904), Tasmania (1912), Western Australia (1928), the Northern Territory (1957) and the ACT (1967). In 1980 the Australian Federal Police incorporate the ACT fingerprint bureau.

Ä 1941 The NSW Fingerprint Bureau becomes the Central Fingerprint Bureau of Australia, a jointly-funded national fingerprint support service.

Ä 1957 The chemical Ninhydrin is used for the first time to develop fingerprints left on paper.

Ä 1986 The Central Fingerprint Bureau of Australia is replaced by the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS), a computerised national database based on scanning original ink fingerprints.

Ä 2001 Establishment of the new National Automated Fingerprint Identification System. The system commences operations with 2.4 million 'ten print' records, covering 24 million individual fingerprints and 4.8 million palm prints, and 180,000 latent prints from unsolved crime scenes.

Tips

It is disheartening to note that almost all the western source do not mention the name of the two Bengali Officers, nor do they mention that the first bureau was established in India. Western Bias ??!!

Isotretinoin - Multiple nodular, cystic, pustular and comadonic lesions on face, upper back and shoulders for 2 years.

068. A 24-year-old unmarried woman has multiple nodular, cystic, pustular and comadonic lesions on face, upper back and shoulders for 2 years. The drug of choice for her treatment would be:

1. Acitretin

2. Isotretinoin

3. Doxycycline

4. Azithromycin

Answer

2. Isotretinoin

Reference

Harrison 16^th Edition Page 295

Katzung 9^th Edition Page 1024

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Treatment of acne vulgaris is directed toward elimination of comedones by normalization of follicular keratinization, decreasing sebaceous gland activity, decreasing the population of lipophilic bacteria and yeast, and decreasing inflammation. Acne vulgaris may be treated with either local or systemic medications. Minimal to moderate, pauci-inflammatory disease may respond adequately to local therapy alone. Although areas affected with acne should be kept clean, there is little evidence to suggest that removal of surface oils plays an important role in therapy. Overly vigorous scrubbing may aggravate acne due to mechanical rupture of comedones. Topical agents such as retinoic acid, benzoyl peroxide, or salicylic acid may alter the pattern of epidermal desquamation, preventing the formation of comedones and aiding in the resolution of preexisting cysts. Topical antibacterial agents such as benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, topical erythromycin (with or without zinc), clindamycin, or tetracycline are also useful adjuncts to therapy.

Patients with moderate to severe acne with a prominent inflammatory component will benefit from the addition of systemic therapy. Oral tetracyclines or erythromycin in doses of 250 to 1000 mg/d will decrease follicular colonization with some of the lipophilic organisms. They also appear to have an anti-inflammatory effect independent of their antibacterial effect. Female patients who do not respond to oral antibiotics may benefit from hormonal therapy. Women placed on oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate have demonstrated improvement in their acne when compared to a placebo control.

Explanation

Severe nodulocystic acne not responsive to oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, or topical therapy may be treated with the synthetic retinoid isotretinoin.

Comments

Isotretinoin is used at doses of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg as a single daily dose for 15 to 20 weeks.

Tips

The use of this drug is limited by its teratogenicity, and female patients must be screened for pregnancy prior to initiating therapy, maintain a method of birth control during therapy, and be screened for pregnancy during treatment. Patients receiving this medication develop extremely dry skin and cheilitis and must be followed for development of hypertriglyceridemia.

Slit lamp examination of eye

067. A patient had seven irregular hyperpigmented macules on the trunk and multiple small hyperpigmented macules in the axillae and groins since early childhood. There were no other skin lesions. Which is the most likely investigation to support the diagnosis?

1. Slit lamp examination of eye

2. Measurement of intraocular tension

3. Examination of fundus

4. Retinal artery angiography

Answer

1. Slit lamp examination of eye

Reference

Harrison 16^th Edition Page 2457

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Discussion

It is easy to arrive at an diagnosis. Axillary hyperpigmentations point to Neurofibromatosis. To confirm the diagnosis, we have to look for the Lisch nodules.

Explanation

1. Slit lamp examination of eye is done to diagnose Lisch nodules of Iris

2. Measurement of intraocular tension is also needed in Neurofibromatosis to rule out Congenital Glaucoma (often associated with the disease) but is not the most likely investigation to support the diagnosis

3. Examination of fundus is also done, but not for supporting the diagnosis

4. Retinal artery angiography will not help in supporting the diagnosis

Comments

Ocular manifestations of neurofibromatosis include

1. Plexiform tumours of lids with Ptosis
2. Thickened corneal nerves
3. Pulsating proptosis (due to transmitted cerebral pulsations through the defects in the orbital walls)
4. Glioma of optic nerve
5. Congenital Glaucoma

Tips

Mutation of the NF1 gene on chromosome 17 causes von Recklinghausen's disease. The NF1 gene is a tumor suppressor gene; it encodes a protein, neurofibromin, which modulates signal transduction through the ras GTPase pathway. Patients with NF1 are at increased risk of developing nervous system neoplasms, including plexiform neurofibromas, optic gliomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, astrocytomas, and pheochromocytomas. Neurofibromas may undergo secondary malignant degeneration and become sarcomas.

Transplantation of Human Organs Act - 1994

061. In which of the following year the Transplantation of Human Organs Act was passed by Government of India?

1. 1994

2. 1996

3. 2000

4. 2002

Answer

1. 1994

Reference

The Act itself

Quality

Legal / General Knowledgge

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Legal Books

Discussion

THE TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS ACT, 1994

(Central Act 42 0f 1994)

Ä Bill No. LIX-F of 1992

Ä THE TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS BILL, 1994

Ä As Passed by the Houses of Parliament

o Rajya Sabha on 5th May, 1993)

o Lok Sabha on 14th June 1994

Ä Amendments made by the Lok Sabha

o Agreed to by the Rajya Sabha on 15th June 1994)

Ä Assented to on 8-7-1994 Act No. 42 of 1994

Explanation

Self Explanatory

Comments

This fact is also given in our text books. So this is not exactly “out of syllabus”

Tips

Legal Information is also available with our affiliate sites like www.mcqsonline.com www.nellaimedicos.com and www.penandscale.com

Premium of the “Community based Universal Health Insurance Scheme” launched during 2003-04 - Rs.1 per day poor and individual to Rs.2 per day for a fa

060. The premium of the “Community based Universal Health Insurance Scheme” launched during 2003-04 ranges from

1. Rs.1 per day poor and individual to Rs.2 per day for a family of seven

2. Rs.1 per day poor and individual to Rs.3 per day for a family of seven

3. Rs.2 per day poor and individual to Rs.2 per day for a family of seven

4. Rs.1 per day poor and individual to Rs.7 per day for a family of seven

Answer

1. Rs.1 per day poor and individual to Rs.2 per day for a family of seven

Reference

http://www.niacl.com/social-universal.html

The New India Assurance

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???

Discussion and Explanation

Salient features of the Universal Health Insurance Scheme are given below

Benefits

Ä Medical Reimbursement

o The policy provides reimbursement of hospitalisation expenses upto Rs.30,000/- to an individual /family subject to the following sublimits:

o (i) Room, Boarding expenses upto Rs.150/- per day

o (ii) If admitted in ICU upto Rs.300/- per day

o Surgeon, Anaesthetist, Consultant, specialists fees, Nursing expenses upto Rs.4,500/- per illness/ injury

o Anaesthesia, Blood, Oxygen, OT charges, Medicines, Diagnostic material & X-Ray, Dialysis, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Cost of pacemaker, Artificial limb, etc upto Rs. 4,500/- per illness/ injury

o Total expenses incurred for any one illness upto Rs. 15,000/-

Ä Personal Accident Cover

o Coverage for Death of the Earning Head of the family (as named in the schedule) due to accident: Rs. 25,000/-.

Ä Disability Cover

o If the earning head of the family is hospitalized due to an accident / illness a compensation of Rs.50/- per day will be paid per day of hospitalization up to a maximum of 15 days after a waiting period of 3 days.

Ä For purpose of this policy HOSPITAL means:

o Any Hospital/ Nursing home registered with the local authorities and under the supervision of a registered and qualified Medical practitioner.

o Hospital/ Nursing Home run by Government.

o Enlisted hospitals run by NGOS / Trusts / selected private hospitals with fixed schedule of charges.

o It should have minimum 15 beds (10 in case of class 'C' cities having a population lest than 5 lakhs) with fully equipped OT, fully qualified nursing staff round the clock and fully qualified doctor should be in charge round the clock.

o Hospitalization should be for a minimum period of 24 hrs. However this time limit is not applied to some specific treatments and also where due to technological advancement hospitalization for 24 hrs may not be required.

Premium

Ä For an individual

o Rs. 1.00 per day

o Rs. 365/- per annum

Ä For a family upto 5 (including the first3 children)

o Rs. 1.00 per day

o Rs. 548/- per annum

Ä For a family upto 7 (including the first 3 children and dependent parents)

o Rs. 2.00 per day

o Rs. 730/- per annum

Premium Subsidy For BPL Families

Ä For families below the poverty line the Government will provide a premium subsidy of Rs.100/- per family.

Main Exclusions

Ä All pre-existing diseases.

Ä All diseases contracted during the first 30 days from the Commencement date of the policy Provided that in the opinion of the panel doctor/s the insured person could not have known about the existence of disease or its symptoms at the time of making the proposal AND had not taken any consultation, treatment for the disease prior to taking the insurance.

Ä Some of the diseases such as Cataract, Benign Prismatic Hypertrophy, Hysterectomy, hernia, Hydrocele, Fistula in anus, piles, sinusitis, Congenital internal disease are not covered in the first year of the policy.

Ä Corrective, cosmetic or aesthetic dental surgery or treatment.

Ä Cost of spectacles, contact lens and hearing aid.

Ä Vaccination, inoculation, change of life or cosmetic treatment or surgery HIV, AIDS, Sterility, Venereal Disease, Intentional Self injury, use of Intoxicating Drugs/ Alcohol.

Ä Primarily diagnostic expenses not related to sickness/ injury.

Ä Treatment for Pregnancy, Childbirth, Miscarriage, abortion etc.

Claim Settlement

Ä Claim settlement to be done through TPAS mentioned in the schedule or by the insurance company. To be made cashless as far as possible through listed hospitals.

Other Features

Ä Any One Illness

o Will be deemed to mean continuous period of illness and it includes relapse within 60 days from the date of last consultation with the hospital.

Ä Age Limitations

o This Policy covers people between the age of 3 months to 65 years.

Ä Family

o Means earning head, spouse and up to maximum of three dependent children. Dependent parents can also be included.

Ä Floater Basis

o The benefit of family will operate on floater basis i.e. the total reimbursement of Rs.30,000/- can be availed of individually or collectively by members of the family.

Comments

Policy details given are indicative, not exhaustive. Please contact your nearest NIA office (www.niacl.com) for further details.

Tips

This scheme is also being offered by Oriental Insurance Company Ltd http://orientalinsurance.nic.in/