Mnemonics

Surgery Mnemonics

Sarcomas in which Lymphatic Metastasis is seen -
can be remembered by the mnemonic RACE For MS

R: Rhabdomyosarcoma
A: Angiosarcoma
C: Clear cell sarcoma
E: Epithelial cell sarcoma

For: Fibrosarcoma

M: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
S: Synovial cell sarcoma

The association of BRCA-1 Gene (Breast Cancer Gene) with other malignancies can be remembered by the mnemonic - OCP

O = Ovarian cancer
C = Colo-rectal cancer
P = Prostate cancer 

Note: OCP -> Oral Contraceptive Pills

The Okuda Staging System for Hepatocellular carcinoma can be remembered by the mnemonic - BATS or STAB

B = Bilirubin (Serum Total Bilirubin)
[if < dl =" 0"> 3 mg/dl = 1 pts]
A = Ascites
[if absent = 0 pts, if present = 1 pts]
T = Tumor Size
[if <> 50% = 1 pts]
S = Serum Albumin
[if > 3 mg/dl = 0 pts, if < 3 mg/dl = 1 pts]

Total Score = Add the points
Stage - Pts
Stage 1 = 0 pts
Stage 2 = 1 or 2 pts
Stage 3 = 3 or 4 pts

Gall Bladder Diseases

Gall Bladder Diseases include -

- Congenital Anomalies
- Traumatic (Perforation)
- Inflammatory / Infective
- Cholecystitis ( Acute / Chronic, Calculous / Acalculous)
- Typhoid Gall Bladder
- Neoplastic
- Benign (Cholecystoses, GB Polyps)
- Malignant (Gall Bladder Cancer)

Plain X - Ray Abdomen in Gall Bladder Diseases

An easy was to remember findings is -
1. Gas
2. Opacity
3. Gas in Opacity

1. Gas -
- Outside Gall Bladder (Perforation of Gall Bladder)
- In Wall of Gall Bladder (Emphysematous Cholecystitis)
- Within Gallbladder lumen (also Known as Pneumobilia)
(seen in Cholecystenteric fistula, Post ERCP)

2. Opacity -
- Outside Gall Bladder (Gallstone ileus)
- In Wall of Gall bladder (Calcified Gallbladder)
- In lumen (Limey bile, Gall Stones, Calcification in Tumor)

3. Gas in Opacity - Mercedez Benz Sign / Seagull's Sign

4 A's of Gastric Cancer
4 A's of Gastric Cancer -
1. Anorexia
2. Anaemia
3. Asthesia
4. Blood Group A

Clinical Features of Gastric Cancer
The presentations of Gastric Cancer be remembered by the mnemonic -
LIONS
or
Silent LOIN
or
Silent LION

L = Lump
I = Insidious onset features
O = Obstructive features
N = New onset dyspepsia
S = Silent presentation (with no complaints but features of metastatic disease such as left supraclavicular lymph node) 

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Clinical Triad of Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
can be remembered by the mnemonic PIG
P = Peptic Ulcer Disease
I = Islet cell tumor of non-beta cells
G = Gastric acid Hypersection

Types of Imperforate Anus
Imperforate Anus, depending upon the LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL, is classified into Low-Type & High-Type.

A. Low-Type - LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL is Below Pelvic Floor

B. High-Type Imperforate Anus - LEVEL OF TERMINATION OF BOWEL is Above Pelvic Floor

Low-Type Imperforate Anus - has following subtypes that can be remembered by the mnemonicCMEs.
[Note: CME usually stands for Continued Medical Education]
C = Covered Anus
M = Membranous Stenosis
E = Ectopic Anus
S = Stenosed Anus

High-Type Imperforate Anus - has following subtypes that can be remembered by the mnemonicCAR.
C = Cloaca
A = Anorectal Agenesis
R = Rectal Atresia

Types of Mesenteric Cysts
The different types of Mesenteric Cyst can be remembered by the mnemonic - CUTE

C = Chylolymphatic cyst (Commonest)
U = Urogenital remnant cyst
T = Teratomatous / Dermoid cyst
E = Enterogenous Cyst

Causes of Lymphoedema
Causes of lymphoedema: Can be remembered by the common scheme CTIN

1. C = Congenital
a. Aplasia or hypoplasia of lymphatics
b. dysmotility of lymphatics with or without valvular insufficiency

2. T = Traumatic
a. Surgical Trauma (Excision of lymph nodes)
b. Radiological Trauma (Radiotherapy to lymph nodes)
c. Other Trauma (e.g. degloving injuries)

3. I = Infective
a. Parasitic (Filarasis)
b. Fungal (Tinea pedis)

4. I = Inflammatory
a. Superficial thrombophlebitis
b. Deep venous thrombosis

5. N = Neoplastic
a. Primary lymphatic malignancy
b. Metastatic infiltration of lymph nodes

Miscellaneous causes - Exposure to forgein bodies (Silica Particles)

Indications for Liver Transplantation
Indications for liver transplanations can be remembered by the mnemonic - CAMP

C = Chronic Cirrhosis
A = Acute fulminant liver failure
M = Metabolic liver disease
P = Primary hepatic malignancy

Mnemonics

Quotations

Quotations

• Everything is ok in the end, if not ok,then its not yet the end.
• Wasted time is never wasted if you enjoyed what you were doing.
• Never argue with an idiot. They will drag you down to their level, then beat you with their experience.
• You can't please everyone, so you've got to please yourself.
• Walk Walk Until You Can't Walk Anymore and Then... Start Walking Again.
• Try, try don't cry.
• Dont tell god how big your problems are....tell your problems how big ur god is......!
• Keep ur dreams high enough 2 inspire u and low enough 2 encourage u.....
• Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl.
• Creativity is allowing oneself to make mistakes. Art is knowing which ones to keep.
• The difference between sex and death is that with death you can do it alone and no one is going to make fun of you.
• The good people sleep much better at night than the bad people. Of course, the bad people enjoy the waking hours much more.
• We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.
• Motivation will almost always beat mere talent.
• If you cannot work hard, work Smart.
• To dream big first you must sleep.
• Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great.
• Arguing with an idiot is like wrestling with the pig, you both get dirty, but he enjoys it more.
• If the grass is greener on the other side of the fence, move the fence over a bit.
• What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.
• Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative.
• A diplomat is a man who always remembers a woman's birthday but never remembers her age.
• To reach for the Moon aim for the Stars.
• Nobody is perfect and I am nobody.
• Inside every older person is a younger person - wondering what the hell happened.
• Do important jobs now before they become urgent.
• Life is like a bicycle, you keep moving or you fall down.
• Life is like a sewer... what you get out of it depends on what you put into it.
• Life is an art of drawing without an eraser.
• No situation is so bad that losing your temper won't make it worse.
• Perhaps imagination is just intelligence having fun.
• Be who you are, and say what you feel because those who matter don't mind, and those who mind don't matter.